Gyaan for 26th March

All the gyaan below is based on news in The HINDU of 26th March.
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Haemophilia

Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. Blood contains many proteins, called clotting factors, which work to stop bleeding. People with haemophilia have a low level or absence of one of these clotting factors in their blood.

The lack of clotting factor causes people with haemophilia to bleed for longer periods of time than people whose blood factor levels are normal. People with haemophilia do not bleed faster than other people, and will not bleed to death from a minor cut or injury. The main problem for people with haemophilia is bleeding internally, mainly into muscles and joints.

What is the difference between haemophilia A and haemophilia B?There are two types of haemophilia: haemophilia A (sometimes called classical haemophilia) and hemophilia B (sometimes called Christmas disease). Both are caused by a low level or absence of one of the proteins in the blood (called factors) that control bleeding. Haemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII, and haemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of factor IX.

There is no difference between the two types of haemophilia, except that haemophilia B is about five times less common than haemophilia A.

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FDI vs FII vs QFI

FDI	FII	QFI
‘FDI‘ means investment by non-resident entity/person resident outside India in the capital of an Indian company under Schedule 1 of Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) Regulations 2000	Foreign Institutional Investor‘(FII) means an entity established or incorporated outside India which proposes to make investment in India and which is registered as a FII in accordance with the SEBI (FII) Regulations 1995.	A Qualified Foreign Investor (QFI)‘ means a non-resident investor (other than SEBI registered FII and SEBI registered FVCI) who meets the KYC requirements of SEBI for the purpose of making investments in accordance with the regulations/ orders/circulars of RBI/SEBI.
Eligibility
• A non-resident entity (other than a citizen or entity of Pakistan ) • A citizen or an entity from Bangladesh – only under Government Route •NRIs and citizens of Nepal & Bhutan •Erstwhile Overseas Corporate Bodies incorporated outside India and not under the adverse notice of RBI as incorporated non-resident entities. (However, OCBs have been derecognized as a class of investors w.e.f. September 2003)	An institution established or incorporated outside India for example: • Asset Management company, •Investment manager, •mutual fund, pension fund, charitable endowment/ university funds •Foreign individuals (other than NRIs) subject to a minimum net worth criteria of US$ 50 million	Individuals, group or associations- • Resident in a country which is a member of Financial Action Task Force (FATF); or a • A country that is a member of a group which is a member of FATF ; and • Resident in a country signatory to the MMOU of International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO); or • Signatory of a bilateral MOU with SEBI. QFIs do not include FIIs/ Sub accounts/ Foreign Venture Capital Investors.
Governing Authority
RBI	SEBI	SEBI
GOVERNING REGULATIONS
Consolidated FDI Policy, 2012 and Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (read with FEMA Regulations)	SEBI (Foreign Institutional Investor) Regulations, 1995 in addition to those applicable to FDI. No specific regulation.	Guidelines issued by SEBI & the RBI from time to time.
REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
Not Required unless expressly set out by applicable regulations such as FVCIs, FIIs etc.	Required	Not Required
KYC Norms
Required	Required	Required

Source : RBI site

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Ping

A utility to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible. It works by sending a packet to the specified address and waiting for a reply. PING is used primarily to troubleshoot Internet connections. There are many freeware and shareware Ping utilities available for personal computers.

It is often believed that "Ping" is an abbreviation for Packet Internet Groper, but Ping's author has stated that the names comes from the sound that a sonar makes.

Why in news - MH370 incident you keep hearing about last "ping"

LED zing bails

The International Cricket Council (ICC) approved the use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) zing bails in One-Day Internationals (ODIS) and Twent20 Internationals from October 1, 2013. The technology can now be seen used in the ongoing ICC World T20 2014 tournament as well. For fans around the world, it is fascinating to see the bails (powered by low voltage batteries) light up the moment they are off the stumps, meanwhile sending a radio signal to the stumps that also emit bright light.

The approval came as a step towards further technological advancement in the sport, and also the fact that it brought more attraction with people in the stadium and those watching matches on television. Fans keep anxiously waiting for the bails to get dislodged to see what the newest development is. However, the LED zing bails have their own share of controversies.

Slightly heavier than the traditional wooden bails, the LED zing bails are the newest technological induction in cricket that was seen in the Australian Big Bash League. While the International Cricket Council (ICC) continues to introduce technology in the sport to make it more advanced and accurate, the LED zing bails also have their fair share of issues that need to be addressed if they are to be used for a long run.